Future Tense

Future Tense is used for showing activity or event happens in the future.

For showing the future we can use will/shall and be+going to.

Will/Shall for showing future activity in general and it’s usually without any plan. And be+going to for showing future activity in specific or with plan.

Will used for all subjects (They, We, You, I, She, He, It)

Shall used only for subjects We and I.

And be1 for be+going to

Is for subjects she, He, It

Are for subjects They, We, You.

Am for subject I.

And here the pattern of future tense using will and shall before we explain the functions of it:

Will/Shall

Verbal:

( + ) Subject + Will/Shall + Verb1 + Object

We shall go to Tokyo tomorrow.

I shall go to Tokyo tomorrow.

They will go to Tokyo tomorrow.

You will go to Tokyo tomorrow.

She will go to Tokyo tomorrow.

He will go to Tokyo tomorrow.

It will go to Tokyo tomorrow.

Note: After modal Will/Shall must be Verb1 or Infinitive.

( - ) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Verb1 + Object

We shall not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

I shall not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

They will not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

You will not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

She will not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

He will not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

It will not go to Tokyo tomorrow.

Note: For negative form only add not after Modal Will/Shall and the Verb still Verb1.

( ? ) Will/Shall + Subject + Verb1 + Object?

Shall we go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Shall i go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Will they go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Will you go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Will she go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Will he go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Will it go to Tokyo tomorrow?

Note: In interrogative form move Modal Will/Shall in front of the subjects. And the answer can be Yes/No

Nominal:

( + ) Subject + Will/Shall + be + Object of Complement

We shall be in Tokyo tomorrow.

I shall be in Tokyo tomorrow.

They will be in Tokyo tomorrow.

You will be in Tokyo tomorrow.

She will be in Tokyo tomorrow.

He will be in Tokyo tomorrow.

It will be in Tokyo tomorrow.

Note: Nominal in positive add be because after Modal Will/Shall isn’t Verb.

( - ) Subject + Will/Shall + Not + be + Object of Complement.

We shall not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

I shall not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

They will not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

You will not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

She will not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

He will not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

It will not be in Tokyo tomorrow.

Note: In negative just add not after Will/Shall.

( ? ) Will/Shall + Subject + be + Object of Complement?

Shall we be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Shall i be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Will they be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Will you be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Will she be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Will he be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Will it be in Tokyo tomorrow?

Note: The same like Verbal form move Modal Will/Shall in front of the subjects in interrogative form. And the answer can be Yes/No.

Be + Going to

Verbal:

( + ) Subject + be1 + Going to + Verb1 + Object

They are going to travel the world next month.

We are going to travel the world next month.

You are going to travel the world next month.

I am going to travel the world next month.

She is going to travel the world next month.

He is going to travel the world next month.

It is going to travel the world next month.

Note: after going to, we put Verb1 (travel)

( - ) Subject + be1 + Not + Going to + Verb1 + Object

They are not going to travel the world next month.

We are not going to travel the world next month.

You are not going to travel the world next month.

I am not going to travel the world next month.

She is not going to travel the world next month.

He is not going to travel the world next month.

It is not going to travel the world next month.

Note: In negative sentence just add not after is, are, and am.

( ? ) Be1 + Subject + Going to + Verb1 + Object?

Are they going to travel the world next month?

Are we going to travel the world next month?

Are you going to travel the world next month?

Am I going to travel the world next month?

Is she going to travel the world next month?

Is he going to travel the world next month?

Is it going to travel the world next month?

Note: Move be1 (Is, Are, Am) in front of the subjects.

Nominal:

( + ) Subject + be1 + Going to + be1 + Object of Complement.

They are going to be in New York next month.

We are going to be in New York next month.

You are going to be in New York next month.

I am going to be in New York next month.

She is going to be in New York next month.

He is going to be in New York next month.

It is going to be in New York next month.

Note: after Going to add be if followed by noun, adjective, and adverb of place.

( - ) Subject + be1 + Not + Going to + be1 + Object of Complement.

They are not going to be in New York next month.

We are not going to be in New York next month.

You are not going to be in New York next month.

I am not going to be in New York next month.

She is not going to be in New York next month.

He is not going to be in New York next month.

It is not going to be in New York next month.

( ? ) Be1 + Subject + Going to + be1 + Object of Complement?

Are they going to be in New York next month?

Are we going to be in New York next month?

Are you going to be in New York next month?

Am I going to be in New York next month?

Is she going to be in New York next month?

Is he going to be in New York next month?

Is it going to be in New York next month?

OK. Now to make it clear the differences between the uses of will/shall and be+going to, let’s check the explanation out.

The functions of Will/Shall:

1. For showing activity will be done in the future in general.

Example:

- He will send the postcard.

- I shall go to Tokyo tomorrow.

2. For showing vow/engagement in the future.

Example:

- He will meet you by ten.

- She will help you with your homework tomorrow.

3. For showing requirement.

Example:

- He will give you a good dictionary if you go with him.

- I shall finish this task if you provide me all material for making it.

4. It’s used for begging someone to do something.

Example:

- Will you help me to take my ATM card in my bag?

- Will you write me an application letter?

The functions of be + Going to:

1. The be going to form expresses the subject’s intention to perform a certain future action.

2. The intention is always premeditated and there is usually also the idea that someone preparation for the action has already been made.

Example:

- I am going to meet my friends at the café at seven.

- She is going to call me after dinner.

Long enough explanation hehehe.... OK see yaa in next tenses explanations. (dee-english)

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Past Tense

Definition of Past tense is a kind of sentence to show activity or event done in the past. Predicate in Past Tense are Verb2 for Verbal and Be2 for Nominal form.

Verbal

Verbal Sentence is sentence which the predicate is verb.

Pattern:

( + ) Subject + Verb2 + Object

They saved the money in the Bank.

We saved the money in the Bank.

You saved the money in the Bank.

I saved the money in the Bank.

She saved the money in the Bank.

He saved the money in the Bank.

It saved the money in the Bank.

Note: Verb2 only used for Positive form not in Negative and Interrogative forms.

( - ) Subject + did not + Verb1 + Object

They did not save the money in the Bank.

We did not save the money in the Bank.

You did not save the money in the Bank.

I did not save the money in the Bank.

She did not save the money in the Bank.

He did not save the money in the Bank.

It did not save the money in the Bank.

Note: For Negative we put did not after Subject and change Verb2 into Verb1/Infinitive for all subjects.

( ? ) Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object?

Did they save the money in the Bank?

Did we save the money in the Bank?

Did you save the money in the Bank?

Did I save the money in the Bank?

Did she save the money in the Bank?

Did he save the money in the Bank?

Did it save the money in the Bank?

Note: Add Did in front of Subjects and the Verb in first form (Verb1/Infinitive). Did has meaning “Apakah” in Indonesian and the answer can be Yes/No.

Nominal

Nominal Sentence is sentence which the predicate is not verb, so we have to add Tobe2 (was or were).

Pattern:

( + ) Subject + tobe2 + Object of Complement

They were in America for holiday.

We were in America for holiday.

You were in America for holiday.

I was in America for holiday.

She was in America for holiday.

He was in America for holiday.

It was in America for holiday.

Note: We use were for Subjects They, We, You and use was for I, She, He, It.

( - ) Subject + tobe2 + Not + Object of Complement

They were not in America for holiday.

We were not in America for holiday.

You were not in America for holiday.

I was not in America for holiday.

She was not in America for holiday.

He was not in America for holiday.

It was not in America for holiday.

Note: Add not after tobe2 for negative form.

( ? ) Tobe2 + Subject + Object of Complement?

Were they in America for holiday?

Were we in America for holiday?

Were you in America for holiday?

Was I in America for holiday?

Was she in America for holiday?

Was he in America for holiday?

Was it in America for holiday?

Note: Move tobe2 in front of the subjects. Were and Was have meaning “Apakah” in Indonesian and the answer can be Yes/No..

That’s it, See you on next Tenses. Thank you.. (dee-english)

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Preposition

Preposition is one of parts of speech which holds an important role in forming a sentence.

The main use of Preposition is to precede a Prepositional Phrase. Prepositional Phrase is a phrase which consists of preposition and noun, or other words like Pronoun, Numeral, Gerund, Noun Phrase, and others.

A prepositional phrase cannot be a subject in a sentence. It just can be a object, complement, or adjunct.

Take a look at the following sentences.

- There is a cow in the field.

Note: Preposition in combines Noun (cow) with Noun (field)

- He is fond of sports.

Note: Preposition of combines Adjective (fond) with Noun (sports)

And here are kinds of prepositions:

1. Simple Preposition

- after

- at

- by

- for

- from

- in

- of

- off

- on

- out

- over

- through

- till

- to

- until

- up

- with, and so on

2. Double Preposition

- from among

- from off

- from under

- from within

- into

- onto

- over against, and so on

Note: We use Double Preposition if Simple Preposition is not enough to express meaning in a sentence.

3. Compound Preposition

- across

- above

- before

- between

- without

- behind

- outside

- inside

- around, and so on

Note: Compound Preposition generally formed by giving prefix (a=on, be=by) to Noun, Adjective, and Adverb.

Example:

Across (on + cross)

Above (on + by + up)

Before (by + fore)

Between (by + twain)

4. Participial Preposition

- barring

- concerning

- considering

- during

- pending

- regarding

- respecting

- touching, and so on

5. Phrase Preposition

- according

- along with

- away from

- because of

- by reason of

- by way of

- for the sake of

- in addition to

- in case of

- in front of

- instead of

- in spite of

- in order to

- in regard to, and so on

Hope it can help you to make better sentence. Thank you

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Direct and Indirect Object

If there are two objects in one sentence, so one is direct object and one is indirect object.

Direct object is the object we put straightly after the predicate/verb and needs preposition to or for if followed by indirect object, but if it’s preceded by indirect object usually we do not need preposition to or for.

For example:

- I gave a present for her.

Note: a present is direct object and her is indirect object.

- I gave her a present.

Note: But if we put indirect object after the predicate/verb, we do not need preposition (for)

More examples:

- She bought a new dress for her mother.

- She bought her mother a new dress.

- He makes a cup of coffee for you.

- He makes you a cup of coffee.

That’s direct and indirect object. (dee-english)

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Pronoun

Pronoun is word for replacing Noun (People, Thing, Animal, and Abstract Thing)

There are Personal Pronoun, Possessive Pronoun, and others. But here we’re going to explain you about Personal Pronoun and Possessive Pronoun.

OK, now let’s start from Personal Pronoun. Personal Pronoun can be as Subject or Object.

Subject      Object

They              Them

We                 Us

You                You

I                    Me

She                Her

He                 Him

It                   It

Subject is doer of the activity and Object is person or thing that is subjected by the doer.

Let’s make it clear by providing some sentences.

- Dee is my friend. He is a friendly man

- I gave him a present in his birthday.

Note:

- He in the first sentence is Pronoun of Dee as subject. And

- Him in the second one is pronoun as object.

And Possessive Pronoun. Possessive Pronoun is used to show possession and replace the thing at once. So when we show possession using Possessive Pronoun we no need mention the name of the Possession.

Subject     Possessive Pronoun

They             Theirs

We                Ours

You               Yours

I                   Mine

She               Hers

He                His

It                  -

Example in sentences:

- This notebook is mine.

- I borrowed her English book. Hers is blue.

Note:

- Mine is possessive pronoun replacing this notebook.

- Hers is also possessive pronoun replacing her English book.

- After Mine and Hers not followed by name of the possession.

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Interjection

Before we provide you more tenses, now we provide you Interjection first.

Interjection is used to show feeling or emotion which comes in mind in sudden.

In some Grammar books say Interjection is out of part of speech. But Interjection and Exclamatory sentences are important to know.

Basically, Interjection is a sound exciting we put it in a sentence to show people’s feeling or emotion.

Here are some Interjections to know:

1. To show happiness:

- Hurrah! (Hore!)

- Hurray! (Hore!)

- Huzza! (Bagus!)

2. To show sadness or sorrow:

- Alas! (Aduh!)

- Alack! (Aduh!)

- Oh!

- Ah!

3. To show surprise:

- Aha!

- What!

4. To show agreement:

- Bravo! (Bagus! Bagus sekali!)

5. To show upset or worry:

- Heigh-ho! (Ah! Aduh!)

6. To show warning or alert:

- Hark! Hear someone coming! (Dengar! Ada orang dating!)

- Hist! (Diamlah! Dengarlah!)

- Hush! I can’t hear! (Diamlah! Saya tidak bisa mendengar!)

- Lo! (Lihat! Lihatlah!)

7. To show impatience:

- Pshaw! (Cih! Bah!)

8. To show greeting:

- Hallo! (Halo!)

- Hello! (Halo)

- Hi! (Hi!)

9. To show ridicule:

- Bosh! (Omong kosong!)

- Pish! (Cih!)

- Pooh! Pshaw! (Cih! Cih!)

10. To show anger:

- Dammit! (Persetan! Sialan!)

- Dauce! (Kurang ajar!)

11. To show doubt:

- Hem! (Hem!)

- Hum! (Hem!)

- Humph! (Hem!)

A little sharing about interjection by dee-english

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Present Tense

Present Tense or people usually call it Simple Present Tense. Why in schools the teachers call it Simple Present Tense, because the sentence they use for explaining this tense in simple sentence. So, its name is just Present Tense. In English there are simple, compound, and complex sentences.

OK, back to the main topic discussing about Present Tense. There are two main functions or uses in Present Tense, they are Habitual Action and General truth.

Habitual Action:

Habitual Action or routine in other word, it shows activity people do every day as habit or routine. For showing it in sentence use: Adverb of Frequency such as Always, Usually, Often, Sometimes, Every day and so on.

Example:

I always have breakfast at 7 in the morning.

They usually go to work by bus.

She waters the flowers every day.

General truth:

General truth shows something happens in general or only at that moment happens. It also shows natural events.

Example:

The sun rises from the east

Fire is hot

Now, let’s start to understand the structure or pattern of present tense.

There two kinds of sentences, they are Verbal and Nominal. Each of them consists of Positive, Negative, and Interrogative sentences.

We start from Verbal. Verbal sentence itself is sentence which uses verb as the predicate of the sentence and doesn’t need tobe/be.

Here are the patterns: 

( + ) Positive:

Subject + Verb1 (s/es) + Object

They work at the Insurance Company.

We work at the Insurance Company.

You work at the Insurance Company.

I work at the Insurance Company.

She works at the Insurance Company.

He works at the Insurance Company.

It works at the Insurance Company.

Note:

- Add s/es to the verb1 if the subjects are she, he, it (The third person singular)

- The add of s/es to the verb doesn’t change the meaning in Indonesia. So the meaning the same like verb1.

- Verb for the Subjects They, We, You, and I do not need s/es.

The rules of the add of s/es to the verb in present tense if the subject in the third person singular form:

1. If the verbs ending in s, sh, ch, x, and o add es

Kiss – Kisses

Brush – Brushes

Watch – Watches

Fix – Fixes

Go – Goes

2. If the verbs ending in y, there are two rules.

a. Verbs ending in y but preceded by consonant, so change y becomes i then add es.

Study – Studies

Cry – Cries

Try – Tries

b. Verbs ending in y but preceded by vowel, so straightly add s.

Play – Plays

Stay – Stays

Say – Says

3. Besides those two rules above all verbs add s.

Write – Writes

Work – Works

Type – Types

See – Sees

Open – Opens

( - ) Negative:

Subject + do not/does not + Verb1 + Object

They do not work at the Insurance Company.

We do not work at the Insurance Company.

You do not work at the Insurance Company.

I do not work at the Insurance Company.

She does not work at the Insurance Company.

He does not work at the Insurance Company.

It does not work at the Insurance Company.

Note:

- For changing the positive sentence into negative form just add do not or does not after the subjects.

- If the subjects They, We, You, and I. Add do not after the subjects, but

- If the subjects She, He, and It. Add does not after the subjects.

- And the Verb after do not/does not must be Verb1 without s/es.

( ? ) Interrogative:

Do/Does + Subject + Verb1 + Object?

Do they work at the Insurance Company?

Do we work at the Insurance Company?

Do you work at the Insurance Company?

Do i work at the Insurance Company?

Does she work at the Insurance Company?

Does he work at the Insurance Company?

Does it work at the Insurance Company?

Note:

- For Verbal form add Do/Does before the Subjects and Do/Does means “Apakah” in Indonesia.

- Add Do before the subjects They, We, You, and I.

- Add Does before the subjects She, He, and It.

- The verb after the subjects must be Verb1.

Nominal Sentence is formed by adding tobe/be (is, are, am) after the subject if they are followed by Adjective, Noun, Adverb (Object of Complement) and no Verb after the subjects.

Is for She, He, It

Are for They, We, You

Am for I

Pattern:

( + ) Positive

Subject + be1 (is, are, am) + Object of Complement.

They are pilots.

We are pilots.

You are a pilot.

She is a pilot.

He is a pilot.

It is a pilot.

I am a pilot.

Note:

- Because the subjects are followed by Pilot (Noun), so we must add be1 (is, are, am) and if followed by Adjective and adverb as well.

- Be1 (is, are, am) sometimes meaningless if they are followed by adjective, but if they are followed by noun be1 mean “adalah” and if followed by adverb of place, they mean “ada” in Indonesian.

( - ) Negative

Subject + be1 (is, are, am) + not + Object of Complement.

They are not pilots.

We are not pilots.

You are not a pilot.

She is not a pilot.

He is not a pilot.

It is not a pilot.

I am not a pilot.

Note:

- For Nominal just add not after be1, if they are changed into negative sentence.

( ? ) Interrogative

Be1 (is, are, am) + Subject + Object of Complement?

Are they pilots?

Are we pilots?

Are you a pilot?

Is she a pilot?

Is he a pilot?

Is it a pilot?

Am I a pilot?

Note:

- If we change into interrogative just move be1 in front of the subjects and they mean “Apakah” and the answer can be Yes/No.

OK, That’s all the explanation of Present tense in general. May it’s useful. Thank you.

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Tenses

Simply, Tense means form of verb shows the time of the activity happens.

We know sixteen tenses in English. They are:

1. Present Tense

2. Present Continuous Tense

3. Present Perfect Tense

4. Present Perfect Continuous tense

5. Past tense

6. Past Continuous Tense

7. Past Perfect Tense

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

9. Future Tense

10. Future Continuous Tense

11. Future Perfect tense

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

13. Past Future tense

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

15. Past Future Perfect tense

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

But, only twelve tenses usually learned at school or explained in common Grammar books. Here, we are going to try to give you all of them one by one.

We must know the changing of verbs in learning tenses, because each verb has own time to show the activity.

And remember, we have learned verb before. Just click here for knowing Verb. Next posting we’ll give you the first tense-Present tense.

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Adverbs

Now, let’s talk about adverbs. Adverbs in Indonesia is Kata Keterangan. There are some kinds of adverbs.

1. Adverb of Manner: Fast, Happily, Quickly, Well

2. Adverb of Place: Here, There, Near, Down

3. Adverb of Time: Now, Soon, Still, Today

4. Adverb of Frequency: Always, Usually, Often, Every day

5. Adverb of Degree: Very, Enough, Rather, Too

6. Adverb of Sentence: Certainly, Definitely, Surely, Obviously

The use of Adverbs:

1. Adverb of Manner

Adverb of Manner is used to show manner or the way someone does the activity or something happens.

Here we’ll give you some examples in sentences to make them clear.

- He walks quickly

- The train runs fast

- She receives that present happily

- They do their job well

To make adverb of manner is by adding ly to the adjective, but some Adverbs of Manner have the same forms like Adjectives, for example: Fast, Hard, Well.

2. Adverb of Place

Adverb of Place is used to show the place, position, or location.

- My family and I have holiday in Japan

- They live near here

3. Adverb of Time

Adverb of Time is used to show the time. Can be in day, time, date, month, year

- He comes today

- They leave soon

4. Adverb of Frequency

Adverb of Frequency is used to show how many times the activity done. There are two parts of Adverbs of Frequency.

Part 1.

- Always, Usually, Often, Sometimes, Never

Note: We put these Adverbs of Frequency after the subject if the sentence is positive and interrogative. But if the sentence is in Nominal form, we put them after tobe. And for negative form we put after not, For instance:

- We usually do our job together soon.

- We are usually on time to come to work.

- We do not usually do our job together soon.

- We are not usually on time to come to work.

- Do they usually come late to work?

- Are they usually on time to come to work?

Part 2.

- Every day, Every time, Every week, Once a day, Twice a day, Three times a day

Note: We put these adverbs of frequency in the end of the sentence. For instance:

- We have breakfast every morning.

- We are in our English class twice a week.

- We do not have breakfast every morning.

- Do they have breakfast every morning?

5. Adverb of Degree

Adverb of Degree is used to show the degree. For instance:

- The shoes are too expensive

- The water is very hot

6. Adverb of Sentence

Adverb of Sentence modifies the whole sentence/clause and normally express the speaker’s opinion.

- He is obviously intelligent

- They certainly work hard

For more other lessons we give later.

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Regular and Irregular Verbs

It’s time to post again after one day break. This time after giving you Verb, we have Regular and Irregular Verbs to learn.

1. Regular Verb

Regular Verb is verb with regular changes by adding “d or ed” to infinitive to make it second (Verb2) and third forms of verb (Verb3). Here are some examples of regular verbs:

Infinitive    Past        Participle

Like                Liked           Liked

Type               Typed          Typed

Study              Studied        Studied

Try                 Tried           Tried

Stay                Stayed         Stayed

Play                Played         Played

Fix                 Fixed           Fixed

Deliver            Delivered     Delivered

Note:

- If infinitive ending in e, just add d for instance: Like - Liked

- If infinitive ending in y preceded by a consonant, change y into i then add ed for instance: Study - Studied

- But if infinitive ending in y preceded by vowel, just add ed straightly for instance: Stay - Stayed

- Beside those rules all verbs add ed for instance: Fix – Fixed

2. Irregular Verb

Irregular Verb is verb with irregular changes from infinitive to second (Verb2) and third forms of verb (Verb3) of it. Here are some examples of irregular verbs:

Infinitive    Past      Participle

Buy                Bought       Bought

Sit                 Sat            Sat

See                Saw          Seen

Write              Wrote        Written

That’s all for now, we continue later..

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Verb

Verb is one of the most important parts of speech in making sentences. Verb in sentence has function as predicate to show the subject doing some activities. And there are three forms of the verb:

Infinitive     Past         Participle

Teach              taught        taught

Go                  went          gone

Eat                  ate            eaten

Meet                met           met

Run                 ran            run

Work               worked      worked

Walk               walked       walked

Like                liked           liked

Each verb is used for its own tenses. We explain later for Tenses. OK we are going on this verb explanation.

Besides those verbs forms above, there are transitive verb and intransitive verb. Let’s understand them.

Transitive Verb

What is transitive verb? Transitive Verb is verb that needs an object if we make it in sentence.

Here are some transitive verbs:

Teach: I teach English. Note: word “teach” followed by English (object)

Eat: She eats a bowl of meat balls. Note: a bowl of meat balls is object of the transitive verb “eat”

Intransitive Verb

Intransitive Verb is verb that doesn’t need an object followed in sentence.

Here are some intransitive verbs:

Walk: Cows walk. Note: no an object following after verb “walk”

Run: Horses run. Note: it doesn’t have either after verb “run”

A little but we hope clear and useful

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Present Participle and Past Participle Adjectives

Today we’re going to explain about Adjective again, continuing the previous explanation about Adjective. Here we come with Present Participle and Past Participle Adjectives.

1. Present Participle Adjectives

Present Participle Adjectives are active and mean ’having this effect’ by adding ing, for example:

Amuse – amusing

Confuse – confusing

Interest – interesting

Bore – boring

Tire – tiring

Examples in sentences:

-  The story is interesting

-  This problem is confusing

-  The movie is boring

-  Running is tiring

2. Past Participle Adjectives

Past Participle Adjectives are passive and mean ’effected in this way’ by adding ed, for example:

Amuse – amused

Confuse – confused

Interest – interested

Bore – bored

Tire – tired

Examples in sentences:

-  I am interested with the story

-  I am confused with this problem

-  I am bored watching this movie

-  I am tired running

A little but we hope useful.

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Adjective (Comparison)

There are three degrees of comparison

Positive         Comparative           Superlative

Tall                taller                       tallest

Brave             braver                     bravest

Dark              darker                     darkest

Interested       more interested        most interested

Interesting      more interesting       most interesting

Useful            more useful             most useful

Obscure         more obscure          most obscure

Note:

1. one-syllable adjectives form their comparative and superlative by adding “er” and “est” to the positive form:

tall – taller

tall – tallest

but for adjective ending in e add “r” and “st”

brave – braver

brave - bravest

2. Adjectives of three or more syllables form their comparative and superlative by putting more and most before their positive:

Interested - more interested

Interested - most interested

3. Adjectives of two syllables ending in ful or re usually take more and most:

Useful – more useful

Useful – most useful

Obscure – more obscure

Obscure – most obscure

And besides those rules there are Irregular Comparison, here are some examples of them:

Bad       worse     worst

Far       farther    farthest

Far       further    furthest (additional/extra)

Good    better      best

Old         older         oldest (people and things)

Old         elder         eldest (people only)

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Adjective

After learning Noun (Part 1), Noun (Part 2), and Noun (Part 3) here for giving readers more subject matters in English. We provide you Adjective to understand. 

There are some kinds of adjectives, namely:

1. Demonstrative Adjectives: this, that, these, those

2. Distributive Adjectives: each, every, either, neither

3. Quantitative Adjectives: any, some, no, little, few, many, much

4. Interrogative Adjectives: which, what, whose

5. Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, their, our, its

6. Adjectives of Quality: clever, dry, fat, good, heavy, square, golden

Functions of Adjective:

Adjective has function to modify Noun and Pronoun (Subject)

1. Modify Noun: In modifying noun, we put adjective before noun like some examples bellow.

- Clever boy: Anak laki-laki yang pintar

- Good girl: Anak perempuan yang baik

- Heavy rain: Hujan yang lebat

- Golden ring: Cincin emas

Note: We put clever (Adjective) before boy (Noun); good (Adjective) before girl (Noun); heavy (Adjective) before rain (Noun); and golden (Adjective) before ring (Noun).

2. Modify Pronoun (Subject): In modifying Pronoun, we put adjective after Tobe (is, are, am, was, were) like some examples bellow.

- He is fat

- She is clever

Note: We put fat and clever after is (Tobe).

OK we'll continue later for further explanation on Adjective

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Noun (Part 3)

This discussion may be the last one discussing on Noun. And today's discussion we learn about Countable and Uncountable Noun.

A. Countable Noun is noun we can count in number. Countable noun consists of two kinds. They are Singular Noun and Plural Noun. 

Singular Noun the number of it not more than one and Plural Noun the number of it must be more than one, can be two, three, and so on.

Singular Noun usually preceded by an article a and an, article a for Singular Noun in consonant sound and an for vowel sound. For example:

- a river, a chair, a table, a well, a girl, a horse, a University, etc
- an apple, an eagle, an engineer, an hour, an umbrella, etc

Plural Noun, there are two kinds Regular Plural Noun and Irregular Plural Noun.

Regular Plural Noun usually with additional of "s/es" in the end of the noun. There are some rules to change the singular nouns to plural ones. Here are the rules:

1. If the nouns ending in "s, sh, ch, x, and o" add "es" for instance:

Glass - Glasses : Gelas

Brush - Brushes : Sikat

Watch - Watches : Jam Tangan

Box - Boxes: Kotak/Kardus

Mango - Mangoes: Buah Mangga

2. If the nouns ending in "y"

a. Ending in "y" preceded by consonant letter. So, change "y" becomes "i" then add "es" for instance:

Baby - Babies : Bayi

Lady - Ladies : Wanita

City - Cities : Kota

b. Ending in "y" preceded by vowel letter. So, straightly add "s" for instance:

Boy - Boys : Anak laki-laki

Key - Keys : Kunci

Day - Days : Hari

3. Besides two rules above all nouns use "s" for plural for instance:

Chair - Chairs : Kursi

Table - Tables : Meja

House - Houses : Rumah

Book - Books : Buku

Irregular Plural Noun . Here are some examples for them, for instance:

Man - Men : Pria

Woman - Women : Wanita

Tooth - Teeth : Gigi

Mouse - Mice : Tikus

Goose - Geese : Angsa

Child - Children : Anak-anak

B. Uncountable Noun is noun which we can't count in number. It usually uses dose, weight, meter, size etc. for instance:

Butter, Coffee, Tea, Flour, Meat, Food, Milk, Rice, Water, Air, Ink, Sugar, Honey, Bread, Oil, Money etc

This is the end of the lesson on Noun. we hope it will be useful for the readers. Thanks for visiting my blog and if there's a mistake in writing or structure, we are sorry because nobody's perfect. Ok. See yaa... :)

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Noun (Part 2)

Hello we come again with "Noun" as our discussion. Previously we have learned Noun (Part 1) and now we will give you explanation "Noun Part 2". For further explanation let's check the following one.

As we explained previously Noun consists of two forms:

1. Concrete Noun

2. Abstract Noun

A. Concrete Noun 

Concrete Noun consists of Proper Noun, Common Noun, Material Noun, and Collective Noun.

1. Proper Noun (Kata Benda Nama Diri) 

Noun which is preceded by capital letter such as names of person, city, country, school, factory, and names of places.

Example: Mulyono; Cirebon; Indonesia; University of Indonesia, etc

2. Common Noun (Kata Benda Umum)

Example: Book; Teacher; Plane; Mountain, etc

3. Material Noun (Kata Benda Bahan Baku)

Example: Gold, Paint,Silver, Oil, etc

4. Collective Noun (Kata Benda Kolektif)

Noun which has plural meaning

Example: Family, Crew, Team, Division; Parliament; Committee; Class; Fleet, etc

B. Abstract Noun

We can form abstract noun from Verbs, Adjectives, and other words

1. The way to change Verbs become Abstract Noun:

a. Add "ment" to the Verbs:

Advertise: Mengiklankan  Advertisement: Iklan

Agree: Menyetujui  Agreement: Persetujuan

Entertain: Menghibur  Entertainment: Hiburan

b. Add "ion" to the Verbs:

Connect: Menghubungkan  Connection: Hubungan

Collect: Mengumpulkan  Collection: Kumpulan/Koleksi

Act: Berbuat  Action: Perbuatan/Aksi

c. Add "ation", "cation", "ition" to the Verbs:

Admire: mengagumi  Admiration: Kekaguman

Qualify: Memenuhi syarat  Qualification: Pemenuhan syarat

Compete: Bersaing  Competition: Persaingan

d. Add "ance" or "ence" to the Verbs:

Enter: Memasuki  Entrance: Jalan Masuk

Appear: Menampakkan Diri  Appearance: Penampakan Diri/Rupa

Differ: Membedakan  Difference: Perbedaan

e. Add "t" to the Verbs:

Complain: Mengeluh  Complaint: Keluhan

Contain: Berisi  Content: Isi

f. Add "y" to the Verbs:

Discover: Menemukan  Discovery: Penemuan

Deliver: Mengirimkan  Delivery: Pengiriman

2. The way to change Adjectives become Abstract Noun:

Add "ness" to the Adjectives

Good: Baik  Goodness: Kebaikan

Happy: Bahagia  Happiness: Kebahagiaan

Sad: Sedih  Sadness: Kesedihan

Polite: Sopan  Politeness: Kesopanan

and some Abstract Nouns from Adjectives:

Patient: Sabar  Patience: Kesabaran

Hot: Panas  Heat: Panasnya

Poor: Miskin  Poverty: Kemiskinan

Wise: Bijak  Wisdom: Kebijaksanaan

3. Abstract Nouns from Common Nouns:

Agent: Agen  Agency: Keagenan

Child: Anak  Childhood: Masa Kanak-kanak

Friend: Sahabat  Friendship: Persahabatan

That's for now, we continue the lesson about Noun later. Hopefully it will be useful although just a little. Thank you

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Noun (Part 1)

Here's the first lesson to learn. Today we're going to explain about "NOUN". What's noun? Generally noun is a word that gives a name to thing (fruit), animal, and people. So names of thing (fruit), animal, and people are nouns.

Noun has two forms such as Concrete Noun and Abstract Noun

1. Concrete Noun

Something we can see or touch for example: Mulyono, House, Cat, Computer, etc

2. Abstract Noun

Something we can't see or touch  for example: Happiness, Life, Friendship, Relationship, etc

Noun can function as:

1. The subject of a verb: Mulyono arrives

2. The complement of the verb be, become, seem: Mulyono is an author, Mulyono becomes an author

3. The object of a verb: I meet Muyono

4. The object of a preposition: I talk to Mulyono

5. A noun can also be in the possessive case: Mulyono's notebook

That's for now, we continue the lesson about Noun later. Hopefully it will be useful although just a little. Thank you

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